Iingxowa zomzimba, ezikwaziwa ngokuba ziingxowa zentsalela yabantu okanye iingxowa zokufa, luhlobo lwesikhongozeli esithambileyo, esitywiniweyo esilungiselelwe ukugcina imizimba yabantu abaswelekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zomzimba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwentlekele kunye nemisebenzi yokusabela ngokukhawuleza. Oku kulandelayo yimbali emfutshane yengxowa yomzimba.
Imvelaphi yesikhwama somzimba inokulandelwa emva kwekhulu lama-20. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi I, amajoni abulawelwa edabini ayedla ngokugqunywa ngeengubo okanye ngeetarp aze athuthwe ngeebhokisi zomthi. Le ndlela yokuthutha abafileyo yayingeyondawo yococeko nje kuphela kodwa yayingasebenzi kakuhle, njengoko yayithabatha indawo eninzi yaye yongeza ubunzima kwizixhobo zasemkhosini ezazisele zinzima.
Ngeminyaka yee-1940, umkhosi wase-US waqalisa ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuphatha iintsalela zamajoni aswelekileyo. Iingxowa zokuqala zomzimba zenziwe ngerabha kwaye zazisetyenziselwa ukuthutha iintsalela zamajoni abulewe esenzweni. Ezi ngxowa zazenziwe ngendlela yokuba zingangeni manzi, zingangeni moya kwaye zibe khaphukhaphu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuzithwala.
Ngexesha leMfazwe yaseKorea ngeminyaka yoo-1950, iingxowa zomzimba zazisetyenziswa kakhulu. Umkhosi wase-US uyalele ngaphezulu kwe-50,000 yeengxowa zomzimba ukuba zisetyenziselwe ukuthutha iintsalela zamajoni abulewe edabini. Oku kwaphawula okokuqala ukuba iingxowa zomzimba zisetyenziswe ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kwimisebenzi yasemkhosini.
Ngeminyaka yee-1960, ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zomzimba kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo kwimisebenzi yokusabela kwintlekele yoluntu. Ngokunyuka kokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye nenani elandayo leengozi zenqwelomoya, imfuneko yeengxowa zomzimba zokuthutha iintsalela zamaxhoba yaba nkulu ngakumbi. Iingxowa zomzimba zazikwasetyenziselwa ukuthutha amathambo abantu abafa kwiintlekele zemvelo, njengeenyikima nezitshingitshane.
Ngeminyaka yee-1980, iingxowa zomzimba ziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwicandelo lezonyango. Izibhedlele zaqala ukusebenzisa iingxowa zomzimba njengendlela yokuthutha abaguli abaswelekileyo ukusuka esibhedlele ukuya kwindawo yokugcina izidumbu. Ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zomzimba ngale ndlela kwanceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wosulelo kwaye kwenza kube lula kubasebenzi basesibhedlele ukuba baphathe iintsalela zezigulana eziswelekileyo.
Namhlanje, iingxowa zomzimba zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa imisebenzi yokusabela kwintlekele, amaziko onyango, amakhaya omngcwabo, kunye nophando lophando. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngeplastiki enzima kwaye ziza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zobukhulu kunye nezimbo ukuze zihlangabezane neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemizimba kunye neemfuno zothutho.
Ukuqukumbela, ibhegi yomzimba inembali emfutshane kodwa ebalulekileyo ekuphathweni komntu oswelekileyo. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo okuthobekileyo njengengxowa yerabha esetyenziselwa ukuthutha amajoni abulawe kwisenzo, ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yokusabela ngokukhawuleza, amaziko ezonyango, kunye nophando lwezophando. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuphatha iintsalela zomfi ngendlela ecocekileyo nesebenzayo, inceda ukukhusela impilo kunye nokukhuseleka kwabo babandakanyekayo ekuphatheni nasekuthuthweni komntu ofileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-25-2024